http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud -

• Perhaps the most significant contribution Freud made to Western thought was his argument for the existence of an unconscious mind. However this was not his own discovery. In 1890, when psychoanalysis was still unheard of, William James, in his monumental treatise on psychology, examined the way Schopenhauer, von Hartmann, Janet, Binet and others had used the term 'unconscious' and 'subconscious'.
• The unconscious was for Freud both a cause and effect of repression.
• Freud's oedipus theory was based on his own interpretations of his youth - which may or may not have occurred in actuality, as he came up with this theory in his 40s.
• To Freud, desire is always defined in the negative term of lack - you always desire what you don't have or what you are not, and it is very unlikely that you will fulfill this desire. Thus his psychoanalysis treatment is meant to teach the patient to cope with his or her insatiable desires.
• Freud believed that humans were driven by two conflicting central desires: the life drive (libido) (survival, propagation, hunger, thirst, and sex) and the death drive (Thanatos). The death drive represented an urge inherent in all living things to return to a state of calm.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James -

• William James defined true beliefs as those that prove useful to the believer. Truth, he said, is that which works in the way of belief. This is known as Pragmatism.
• Additional tenets of James's pragmatism include the view that the world is a mosaic of diverse experiences that can only be properly understood through an application of "radical empiricism." Radical empiricism presumes that nature and experience can never be frozen for absolutely objective analysis, that, at the very least, the mind of the observer will affect the outcome of any empirical approach to truth since, empirically, the mind and nature are inseparable.
• William James's emphasis on diversity as the default human condition has maintained a strong influence in American culture, especially among liberals and his radical empiricism lies in the background of contemporary relativism.
• James's description of the mind-world connection, which he described in terms of a "stream of consciousness," had a direct and significant impact on avant-garde and modernist literature and art.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Jung -

• Carl Jung emphasized the importance of balance and harmony. He cautioned that modern humans rely too heavily on science and logic and would benefit from integrating spirituality and appreciation of the unconscious realm.
• Jung's work on himself and his patients convinced him that life has a spiritual purpose beyond material goals. Our main task, he believed, is to discover and fulfill our deep innate potential.
  
• Jung perceived that this journey of transformation is at the mystical heart of all religions. It is a journey to meet the self and at the same time to meet the Divine.
• Jung thought spiritual experience was essential to our well-being.